Goffman e o narco: como as propriedades técnicas do YouTube são usadas na guerra contra as drogas

This paper advances the discussion about the interactions enabled through communication technologies by articulating Goffman’s theory of strategic interactions and Trevor Pinch’s concept of co-presence, and applying them to analyze the way a Mafia’s armed wing posted videos on YouTube during the turf war developed in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, from 2008 to 2011. I analyzed the videos and the comments set up below them. Science and Technology Studies scholars have been engaged in a debate about how to study online contents. They agree that STS should advance approaches that only give an account of the semiotic properties of the contents, in order to explore the interactions they enable. However, they don’t agree on how this should be done. This study lends support to perspectives arguing that Goffman’s theory is still relevant to analyze online interactions, in spite of having written his theory before the expansion of the Internet. I provide examples to argue that, in fact, Goffman was fully aware that interactions could be technologically mediated. I suggest that members of the armed wing shaped YouTube’s technological affordances to make themselves accountable to other parties in the war, and available for interaction.El debate actual sobre el análisis de las interacciones en línea dentro del área de los Estudios sobre la Ciencia y la Tecnología tiene dos aristas. Por una parte, existe un consenso en que este campo de estudios debe ofrecer explicaciones que rebasen los análisis semióticos de los contenidos en internet. En lo que los académicos no están de acuerdo es en qué teorías sociológicas deberían usarse para este propósito. En este artículo contribuyo a este debate rescatando un marco teórico que Erving Goffman desarrolló utilizando información empírica de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aunque él escribió sus teorías antes de la popularización del Internet, Goffman tenía claro que las interacciones sociales podían ser tecnológicamente mediadas. En este estudio aplico este marco teórico, así como el concepto de co-presencia de Trevor Pinch, para entender por qué un brazo armado de una organización criminal que trafica drogas usó YouTube durante un enfrentamiento en Ciudad Juárez, México, durante el periodo 2008–2011. Este estudio analiza los videos que integrantes de esta organización postearon en YouTube, así como los comentarios subsecuentes. Se concluye que los integrantes de este brazo armado usaron ciertas propiedades tecnológicas de YouTube para hacerse co–presentes y así poder interactuar en línea con diferentes grupos envueltos en el conflicto.O debate atual sobre a análise de interações on-line na área de estudos de ciência e tecnologia tem dois lados. Por um lado, existe um consenso de que esse campo de estudo deve oferecer explicações que vão além das análises semióticas de conteúdo na internet. O que os estudiosos discordam é sobre quais teorias sociológicas devem ser usadas para esse fim. Neste artigo, contribuo para esse debate, resgatando um arcabouço teórico desenvolvido por Erving Goffman usando informações empíricas da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Embora ele tenha escrito suas teorias antes da popularização da Internet, Goffman estava claro que as interações sociais podiam ser mediadas tecnologicamente. Neste estudo, aplico esse arcabouço teórico, bem como o conceito de co-presença de Trevor Pinch, para entender por que um braço armado de uma organização criminosa que trafica drogas usava o YouTube durante um confronto em Ciudad Juárez, México, durante o período 2008- 2011. Este estudo analisa os vídeos que os membros desta organização postaram no YouTube, bem como os comentários subsequentes. Conclui-se que os membros desse grupo armado usaram certas propriedades tecnológicas do YouTube para se tornarem co-presentes e, assim, poder interagir online com diferentes grupos envolvidos no conflito.publishedVersio

State of the art on ethical, legal, and social issues linked to audio- and videobased AAL solutions

Working Group 1. Social responsibility: Ethical, legal, social, data protection and privacy issuesAbstract Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage. Keywords Ethical principles, Privacy, Assistive Living Technologies, Privacy by Design, General Data Protection Regulation.publishedVersio

State of the art on ethical, legal, and social issues linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions - Uploaded on December 29, 2021

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage

Position paper on ethical, legal and social challenges linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions

This publication is based upon work from COST Action GoodBrother – Network on Privacy-Aware Audio- and VideoBased Applications for Active and Assisted Living, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).In this position paper, we have used Alan Cooper’s persona technique to illustrate the utility of audio- and video-based AAL technologies. Therefore, two primary examples of potential audio- and video-based AAL users, Anna and Irakli, serve as reference points for describing salient ethical, legal and social challenges related to use of AAL. These challenges are presented on three levels: individual, societal, and regulatory. For each challenge, a set of policy recommendations is suggested.publishedVersio

Position paper on ethical, legal and social challenges linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions

In this position paper, we have used Alan Cooper’s persona technique to illustrate the utility of audio- and video-based AAL technologies. Therefore, two primary examples of potential audio- and video-based AAL users, Anna and Irakli, serve as reference points for describing salient ethical, legal and social challenges related to use of AAL. These challenges are presented on three levels: individual, societal, and regulatory. For each challenge, a set of policy recommendations is suggested

Position paper on ethical, legal and social challenges linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions

In this position paper, we have used Alan Cooper’s persona technique to illustrate the utility of audio- and video-based AAL technologies. Therefore, two primary examples of potential audio- and video-based AAL users, Anna and Irakli, serve as reference points for describing salient ethical, legal and social challenges related to use of AAL. These challenges are presented on three levels: individual, societal, and regulatory. For each challenge, a set of policy recommendations is suggested

Goffman and the Mafia : shaping YouTube's technological affordances in the war on drugs

This paper advances the discussion about the interactions enabled through communication technologies by articulating Goffman’s theory of strategic interactions and Trevor Pinch’s concept of co-presence, and applying them to analyze the way a Mafia’s armed wing posted videos on YouTube during the turf war developed in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, from 2008 to 2011. I analyzed the videos and the comments set up below them. Science and Technology Studies scholars have been engaged in a debate about how to study online contents. They agree that STS should advance approaches that only give an account of the semiotic properties of the contents, in order to explore the interactions they enable. However, they don’t agree on how this should be done. This study lends support to perspectives arguing that Goffman’s theory is still relevant to analyze online interactions, in spite of having written his theory before the expansion of the Internet. I provide examples to argue that, in fact, Goffman was fully aware that interactions could be technologically mediated. I suggest that members of the armed wing shaped YouTube’s technological affordances to make themselves accountable to other parties in the war, and available for interaction

State of the art on ethical, legal, and social issues linked to audio- and video-based AAL solutions

Ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between high-income countries (HIC) and low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things (IoT) devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private (e.g., the home). The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage